Temporal Morality: The Extent of Our Owes to Future Persons

At its core, morality is about empathy: it is about “putting ourselves in others’ shoes, treating their interests as we do our own”2 and deriving meaning from helping others. Moral obligations arise when a course of action is morally required, and thus a moral agent is blameworthy if they

Why We Have Good Reason to Trust Our Moral Intuition

Philosophers have long debated the epistemic status of moral intuition. I reorient the debate to the pragmatic implications of trusting this intuition.  I begin by defending three propositions.  (1) Normative statements, comprising moral intuitions/beliefs and normative statements about reasons, are truth-apt claims.  (2) An individual trusting their moral intuition

On the Ethical Discourse of War: A Critique of the View that “Any Attack on Civilians in War, Regardless of Justification, Is Terrorism:"

Why must we define terrorism primarily in terms of attacks on civilians? This is a fundamental question. Here, the term “civilian” is presupposed as a passive, inert, and de-agentified entity—an “othered” mass stripped of resistance, rather than a spontaneous, subterranean current, a dynamic, centralized, revolutionary subject in the classical

The Missing Redress For Indigenous Women

The overrepresentation of Indigenous women who are missing or murdered calls for the need of tangible change. Looking at the various attempts by the Canadian government to combat this allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the inequality faced by Indigenous women from all walks of life. On May 16,

The Demarcation of Paracelsus’ Alchemical Tria Prima Theory As Pseudoscience

In this paper, I will argue that the current standard demarcation criteria provided by Popper and Lakatos demarcate alchemy as a pseudoscience. First, I will give a rigorous definition of pseudoscience. Then, I will provide an example of the significance of the problem of the demarcation of science and pseudoscience

Precarious Archives: Juridified Erasure & the Diasporic Resistance of Afghan and Iranian Women in the Post-9/11 University

Where national security marks diasporic bodies for suspicion, the university marks them for erasure. After 9/11, Anglo-American higher education abandoned its pretensions of neutrality and transformed itself into an anticipatory carceral regime, where Afghan and Iranian women scholars became living counter-archives of exclusion. Their presence unsettles the juridical architectures

Undocumented Immigration: The Hidden Pillar of the United States Economy

🤫The author chose to remain anonymous due to the politically controversial nature of their essay In the United States, as inflation-adjusted working-class wages stagnate and upward mobility appears inaccessible, the public’s scapegoat has been voiceless undocumented immigrants. In the recent federal election, curbing undocumented immigration to promote economic prosperity

How the Black Church was a Saviour for the Civil Rights Movement

There is an ongoing debate on the extent to which religion impedes or expedites social movements. Here, the Civil Rights Movement (CRM) is used as an illustrative example of how religion can be key to a movement’s success. The reason why the CRM is used is that it was

Redefining Youth: The Call to Expand Canada's Youth Criminal Justice Act

The age range that the Canadian Youth Criminal Justice Act falls under is from 12 to 17., which, at first glance, seems fair enough. When people turn adults, they’ve fully matured, right? However, this is often not the case. But if so, why is the act the way it

Building Bridges, Not Bars: Dismantling the School-To-Prison Pipeline

Rehabilitative measures have long been abandoned in favor of lengthy, frequently lifelong prison sentences in American criminal justice systems. The modern criminal justice system's punitive and aggressive tools and methods have crept into schools during the past ten years in an effort to pull kids out of the

Collective Safety Vs. Individual Freedom: Is the Presumption of Innocence Always Necessary?

The vast majority of democratic countries share a similar standard in the prosecution of potential criminals – the presumption of innocence, that no one shall be punished without proof beyond a reasonable doubt. For good reason – the incarceration of the innocent can ruin lives, stripping away the fundamental rights that one

Toothless or Cautious? The ICC's Principle of Complementarity

The International Criminal Court is a court designed to prosecute crimes against the world — genocides, war crimes, etc. However, anyone even remotely familiar with the ICC will know that it is commonly criticized as a “toothless” or “symbolic” institution without any real ability to bring horrible people to justice. What